237 lines
8.7 KiB
Markdown
237 lines
8.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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tags:
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- Notes
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- IELTS/Writing
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status: Ongoing
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---
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## Part 1
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### 1.0 写作任务
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雅思小作文写作看重数据的**总结**和汇报的**层次**，这是一个经典的写作任务描述：
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>Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the **main features**, and **make comparisons** where relevant.
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#### 1.0.1 哪些值得写？
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1. 高度概括的**总体特征**和区别于它的
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2. 数值
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1. 初始值 - 终值
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2. 大的：数字或$\Delta$
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3. 离群值、极值（或者自选一个阈值使得该数据特殊）
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3. 趋势
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1. 升高、降低、不变
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2. 趋势的变化
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4. 不要对数据进行计算
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#### 1.0.2 对数据进行分组
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使用1.0.1中的特征，进行分组
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1. 先根据大特征分大**组**（段落）
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2. 再根据组内特征找出特殊值（句子层次）
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3. 对比注意控制变量，否则难以通过数据说明白
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### 1.1 动态图
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注意时态问题：
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这是一类最经典的题目，学生应当尽可能地展现数据的变化趋势。最典型的呈现方式是条形图。
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> The line graph compares three developed countries in terms of the percentage of the aged population/senior
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**Basic structure** (by paragraph & type)
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1. Rephrase the question
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2. General feature (one or two sentence(s) only)
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3. comparing the data at the start
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From the highest/biggest to smaller/lower one
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4. make comparisons **between two** categories
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可以试着通过讲对比的两个对象排序，做到连贯。
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1. Similar trend
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变化态势相近
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2. Same path
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绝对值变化相近
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3. Time point splits two stage (for one or two)
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带转折的：某个时间点态势变化了（上升、下降、不变）
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### 1.2 动静结合
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这是一类（时间上）对比2-3组数据的题目，要求学生均衡地分配重心在静态特征及简单的变化上。
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呈现方式上，可能是饼图或者表格图。
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**Basic structure** (by paragraph & type)
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1. Rephrase the question
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2. General features:
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1. 观察最大值和最小值的分布，在两年或者三年中是否一致。
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2. 观察是否有总量的数据
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3. Specifically：
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1. 初始值的排序
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4. Comparison （从显著到不显著）带到后续的关键数据:
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1. 升高
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2. 减少
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> **带总量的图：** 在动态图和动静结合中，都有可能遇到“总量”。其不适合与其子项比较，需要在总体趋势中概括到。
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### 1.3 静态图
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#### 1.3.1 数据：表格、饼图、柱状图
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注意识别不是时间的轴，理解出题人选择图表的意图：
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1. 表格：主效应
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2. 饼图：分组详述，重要成分的比例
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3. 柱状图：详细与多样的组间对比
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Basic Structure
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1. Rephrase
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2. Main features:
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1. Range (min & max) of the ratio variable
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2. Interaction effect and main effect
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3. Elaborate the effect with data
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4. Group data by threshold values
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#### 1.3.2 流程图
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Basic Structure:
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1. Rephrase (Process): The flow chart illustrates the process of ……
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2. Stage (Mean feature): Overall/ it is clear that … steps are involved which are separated into two phases in terms of A and B.
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3. Steps, grouped by stage:
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1. 现在时
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2. 定语从句
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3. 被动语态
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4. 顺序连词
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| 短语类别 | 短语 |
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| ------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| 表示时间阶段 | …… days/after a period of months/……minutes/during |
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| 表示顺序 | first/first of all/ firstly/initially/During the initial phase/to begin with/once<br><br>second/then/next/in the meantime/meanwhile/prior to/until/simultaneously<br><br>The first stage involves……/ the seconds stage is……/in the third stage/in the last stage/ |
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| 表示目的 | In order to/In order that/ so that/so as to……. |
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#### 1.3.3 地图
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Basic structure:
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1. **Rephrase:** The two maps illustrate a range of changes of ……
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2. **Mean feature:** Overall, major changes are in terms of A and B.
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(reconstruction of original facilities and access/ reconstructions to original facilities and some new additions)
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3. Diff 1
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4. Diff 2
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表示存在或方位：
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there be/we can see/lie/be located/ be situated (in/at)、can be found in the east/ west/ south/ north of ... in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of .../in the southwestern corner of ... /at the southern end of the river/ be opposite/ a main road (river) runs through…from…to…
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## Part 2
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### 2.0 How to make a clear statement?
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>认清今天讨论话题的方向，能从不同的角度对于个人观点进行展开。
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### 2.1 Agree and Disagree
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- [00_试听课笔记](CouseNote/00_试听课笔记.docx)
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Questions like:
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> …… should do …… Do (To what extant) you agree or disagree?
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#### 2.1.1 Outline
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不够写的时候可以写让步段
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1. Rephrase the question, and make a thesis statement (your standing). In some case the statement may duplicate with the rephrasing, shorten it to avoid redundancy.
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2. Leading your answer with sub-statements:
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注意：必须是自己的观点（回看问题），不能有 Some may say 。
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1. Feasible or not? (how)
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2. Positive or negative results? (Why)
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1. **Individuals**:
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1. 个人发展
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2. 快乐幸福 Work/life balance
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2. **Enterprises**:
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1. higher efficiency
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3. **Society**:
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1. Moral or Ethical Aspect
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2. economic growth
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3. stability
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4. 社会风气
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5. 舆论
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4. Short-term/Long-term Benefits
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1. 长远利益（环境）
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5. Universality/Special Case
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3. Better solutions.
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3. Conclude with a call-back of the statement.
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> 其实有时候不是想不出 How 的问题，而是只看到了 How ，没看到 So what 。应当以 So what（扣题）为重点，通过 How 链接 topic 。
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#### 2.1.2 Scope
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- 环境保护类：野生动物植物保护/水资源紧缺/污染问题/全球变暖
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- 科技类：网络/智能手机/人工智能/无人驾驶/科技探索
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- 犯罪类和法律：犯罪率（青少年犯罪）刑法处罚 公开审判 警察持枪
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- 教育类：家庭教育/学校教育/社会教育 意识培养
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- 政府决策类：政府投资/政府职能
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- 社会类及其他：平权/语言保护/社会艺术环境/生活态度
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#### 2.1.3 Compose a Paragraph
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三个层次的论述（引用哲学术语）；
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1. 语义之理：界定论断的范围（Statement）
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2. 逻辑之理：通过推断得出结论（Reasoning）
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3. 经验之理：应用现实例子、数据作为逻辑的基础（Support）
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尤其在 How 中重要
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#### 2.1.4 Types: Behaviour and Ideas
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Agree and disagree for ideas.
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It's like the topic have already gave you a statement, what you have to do is only reasoning and support the thesis (by facts, and logics).
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>The **most important** aim of science should be to improve people's lives.
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>==To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?== Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
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disagree
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Facts
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How does science promote society?
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Other purposes?
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AI/nuclear weapons
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Explore: seek truths: the original purpose
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Survival issues: global warming
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### 2.2 Discuss both sides
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> Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at persuading us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we no longer pay attention to it. ==Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.==
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中立/一边倒/两边都不赞成
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==People have differing views== regarding the impacts of commercial. ==Personally==,
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==On the one hand==, some claim advertisements affect our shopping behaviors.
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Trend/
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Celebrity endorsement:
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Exaggerate the information about their commodities.
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==On the other hand==, others think people gradually ignore advertising.
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Repetitive: contents
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Frequent
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Brainwash
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==In my opinion,==
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## References
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