mxr612/Notes
1
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull Requests Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity
Notes/IELTS/Note - IELTS Writing.md

8.7 KiB
Raw Permalink Blame History

tags, status
tags status
Notes
IELTS/Writing
Ongoing

Part 1

1.0 写作任务

雅思小作文写作看重数据的总结和汇报的层次，这是一个经典的写作任务描述：

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

1.0.1 哪些值得写？

  1. 高度概括的总体特征和区别于它的
  2. 数值
    1. 初始值 - 终值
    2. 大的：数字或\Delta
    3. 离群值、极值（或者自选一个阈值使得该数据特殊）
  3. 趋势
    1. 升高、降低、不变
    2. 趋势的变化
  4. 不要对数据进行计算

1.0.2 对数据进行分组

使用1.0.1中的特征，进行分组

  1. 先根据大特征分大组（段落）
  2. 再根据组内特征找出特殊值（句子层次）
  3. 对比注意控制变量，否则难以通过数据说明白

1.1 动态图

注意时态问题：

这是一类最经典的题目，学生应当尽可能地展现数据的变化趋势。最典型的呈现方式是条形图。

The line graph compares three developed countries in terms of the percentage of the aged population/senior

Basic structure (by paragraph & type)

  1. Rephrase the question
  2. General feature (one or two sentence(s) only)
  3. comparing the data at the start From the highest/biggest to smaller/lower one
  4. make comparisons between two categories 可以试着通过讲对比的两个对象排序，做到连贯。
    1. Similar trend 变化态势相近
    2. Same path 绝对值变化相近
    3. Time point splits two stage (for one or two) 带转折的：某个时间点态势变化了（上升、下降、不变）

1.2 动静结合

这是一类（时间上）对比2-3组数据的题目，要求学生均衡地分配重心在静态特征及简单的变化上。 呈现方式上，可能是饼图或者表格图。

Basic structure (by paragraph & type)

  1. Rephrase the question
  2. General features:
    1. 观察最大值和最小值的分布，在两年或者三年中是否一致。
    2. 观察是否有总量的数据
  3. Specifically：
    1. 初始值的排序
  4. Comparison （从显著到不显著）带到后续的关键数据:
    1. 升高
    2. 减少

带总量的图： 在动态图和动静结合中，都有可能遇到“总量”。其不适合与其子项比较，需要在总体趋势中概括到。

1.3 静态图

1.3.1 数据：表格、饼图、柱状图

注意识别不是时间的轴，理解出题人选择图表的意图：

  1. 表格：主效应
  2. 饼图：分组详述，重要成分的比例
  3. 柱状图：详细与多样的组间对比

Basic Structure

  1. Rephrase
  2. Main features:
    1. Range (min & max) of the ratio variable
    2. Interaction effect and main effect
  3. Elaborate the effect with data
  4. Group data by threshold values

1.3.2 流程图

Basic Structure:

  1. Rephrase (Process): The flow chart illustrates the process of ……
  2. Stage (Mean feature): Overall/ it is clear that … steps are involved which are separated into two phases in terms of A and B.
  3. Steps, grouped by stage:
    1. 现在时
    2. 定语从句
    3. 被动语态
    4. 顺序连词
短语类别 短语
表示时间阶段 …… days/after a period of months/……minutes/during
表示顺序 first/first of all/ firstly/initially/During the initial phase/to begin with/once

second/then/next/in the meantime/meanwhile/prior to/until/simultaneously

The first stage involves……/ the seconds stage is……/in the third stage/in the last stage/
表示目的 In order to/In order that/ so that/so as to…….

1.3.3 地图

Basic structure:

  1. Rephrase: The two maps illustrate a range of changes of ……
  2. Mean feature: Overall, major changes are in terms of A and B. (reconstruction of original facilities and access/ reconstructions to original facilities and some new additions)
  3. Diff 1
  4. Diff 2

表示存在或方位： there be/we can see/lie/be located/ be situated (in/at)、can be found in the east/ west/ south/ north of ... in the eastern/ western/ southern northern part of .../in the southwestern corner of ... /at the southern end of the river/ be opposite/ a main road (river) runs through…from…to…

Part 2

2.0 How to make a clear statement?

认清今天讨论话题的方向，能从不同的角度对于个人观点进行展开。

2.1 Agree and Disagree

Questions like:

…… should do …… Do (To what extant) you agree or disagree?

2.1.1 Outline

不够写的时候可以写让步段

  1. Rephrase the question, and make a thesis statement (your standing). In some case the statement may duplicate with the rephrasing, shorten it to avoid redundancy.
  2. Leading your answer with sub-statements: 注意：必须是自己的观点（回看问题），不能有 Some may say 。
    1. Feasible or not? (how)
    2. Positive or negative results? (Why)
      1. Individuals:
        1. 个人发展
        2. 快乐幸福 Work/life balance
      2. Enterprises:
        1. higher efficiency
      3. Society:
        1. Moral or Ethical Aspect
        2. economic growth
        3. stability
        4. 社会风气
        5. 舆论
      4. Short-term/Long-term Benefits
        1. 长远利益（环境）
      5. Universality/Special Case
    3. Better solutions.
  3. Conclude with a call-back of the statement.

其实有时候不是想不出 How 的问题，而是只看到了 How ，没看到 So what 。应当以 So what（扣题）为重点，通过 How 链接 topic 。

2.1.2 Scope

  • 环境保护类：野生动物植物保护/水资源紧缺/污染问题/全球变暖
  • 科技类：网络/智能手机/人工智能/无人驾驶/科技探索
  • 犯罪类和法律：犯罪率（青少年犯罪）刑法处罚 公开审判 警察持枪
  • 教育类：家庭教育/学校教育/社会教育 意识培养
  • 政府决策类：政府投资/政府职能
  • 社会类及其他：平权/语言保护/社会艺术环境/生活态度

2.1.3 Compose a Paragraph

三个层次的论述（引用哲学术语）；

  1. 语义之理：界定论断的范围（Statement）
  2. 逻辑之理：通过推断得出结论（Reasoning）
  3. 经验之理：应用现实例子、数据作为逻辑的基础（Support） 尤其在 How 中重要

2.1.4 Types: Behaviour and Ideas

Agree and disagree for ideas.

It's like the topic have already gave you a statement, what you have to do is only reasoning and support the thesis (by facts, and logics).

The most important aim of science should be to improve people's lives. ==To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?== Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

disagree

Facts

How does science promote society?

Other purposes?

AI/nuclear weapons

Explore: seek truths: the original purpose

Survival issues: global warming

2.2 Discuss both sides

Some people say that advertising is extremely successful at persuading us to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we no longer pay attention to it. ==Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.==

中立/一边倒/两边都不赞成

==People have differing views== regarding the impacts of commercial. ==Personally==,

==On the one hand==, some claim advertisements affect our shopping behaviors.

Trend/

Celebrity endorsement:

Exaggerate the information about their commodities.

==On the other hand==, others think people gradually ignore advertising.

Repetitive: contents

Frequent

Brainwash

==In my opinion,==

References